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Research Groups

About the Laboratory & Research Area

The BMM Laboratory develops semiconductor-based microsystems that read biological signals and act on tissue. We design and fabricate ultrasound transducers, flexible microelectrode arrays, and resonant MEMS sensors in house, and integrate them at the system level so that sensing and stimulation operate as a closed loop within a single device. The laboratory covers the full path from device fabrication through system integration to in vivo studies, extending toward brain-computer interfaces and neural circuit-based therapeutics.

Research Interests & Projects

MEMS, Sensors and actuators, Microfabrication, Ultrasound, Neural Interfaces, Bioelectronics

Journals & Patents

[1] Jo, Y., Kim, S., Jeong, J., Lee, H. J. "Ultrasound brain stimulation technologies for targeted therapeutics," Nature Electronics 8, 647–662 (2025)
Kim, K., Lee, Y., Jang, E. et al., Lee, M.-O., Lee, H. J. "Highly Stretchable 3D Microelectrode Array for Noninvasive Functional Evaluation of Cardiac Spheroids and Midbrain Organoids," Advanced Materials (2025)

[2] Lee, S.-M., Liang, X., Jo, Y., Lee, T., Bang, S., Oh, C., Kwon, Y. S., Jung, J., Lee, B. C., Lee, H. J. "Flexible ultrasound transducer array with statically adjustable curvature for anti-inflammatory treatment," npj Flexible Electronics (2025)

[3] Kook, G., Jo, Y., Oh, C., Liang, X., Kim, J., Lee, S.-M., Kim, S., Choi, J.-W., Lee, H. J. "Multifocal skull-compensated transcranial focused ultrasound system for neuromodulation applications based on acoustic holography," Microsystems & Nanoengineering 9, 45 (2023)

[4] Jo, Y., Lee, S.-M. et al. "General-Purpose Ultrasound Neuromodulation System for Chronic, Closed-Loop Preclinical Studies in Freely Behaving Rodents," Advanced Science (2022).